(Part 1: Prescriptions-on-Demand Gets Riskier.)
Wherever there's been a celebrity craving drugs, there's always been a pliant doctor with a ready prescription pad.
From Wallace Reid to Bela Lugosi to Judy Garland, Hollywood is veined with a rich history of falling stars who've depended on a collection of enablers to feed their addictions.
Elvis Presley's story was among the first to reveal a disturbing paradigm of mutual dependency between celebrities and their doctors: A celebrity receives prescriptions for drugs for recreational pleasure, or for relief from insomnia or back pain; the obscure doctor in return is brushed by the comet’s tail of fame.
The earliest public perceptions of celebrity addiction came from hole-in-the-arm fables inspired by such demimonde figures as Charlie Parker, Billie Holiday and Lenny Bruce -- troubled troubadours and tragic clowns victimized by shadowy pushers or partners.
But this view broadened in 1977, when Presley died with 14 perfectly legal drugs in his bloodstream, courtesy of his personal physician, Dr. George Nichopoulos.
"Dr. Nick” had prescribed the King thousands of uppers and downers over the years, to help feed a habit caused by back pain and sleeplessness that began during Presley's army years.
As we explored in Part 1 of this story, even though prosecutors are taking a harder look at negligent celebrity doctors, criminal culpability is hard to come by. And it will be tough to stamp out a practice with such deep roots.
Not all Dr. Feelgoods set out to be prescription vending machines, Dr. James Gagne, a Los Angeles expert in the field of addiction behavior, told TheWrap. Though sometimes the demands are of the celebrities are "obvious when they walk through the door," Gagne says, these relationships -- and the warning signs of dangerous addiction -- often grow over the course of time.
Drew Pinsky, co-author of the recently published “The Mirror Effect: How Celebrity Narcissism Is Seducing America,” says many doctors get sucked into a slow spiral of catering to stars.
Pinsky believes that doctors who attempt to treat stars’ chronic pain with opiates in order to bask in the glow of celebrity risk getting swallowed up by these bigger-than-life narcissists.
“Imagine the power [celebrities] wield,” He says. “They begin by saying, ‘You’re the best doctor in the world,’ but when the doctor tries to cut their dosage, they’ll say, ‘I’m going to tell everyone what a terrible doctor you are – I’m going to ruin your career!”
Preliminary hearings in the Anna Nicole Smith case suggested that the relationship works both ways, as both Dr. Sandeep Kapoor and Dr. Khristine Eroshevich became personal friends of their glamorous patient -- and felt helpless to curb her demands for drugs.
Though he was exonerated of wrongdoing by an official inquiry into Elvis' death, Dr. Nick had his medical license permanently suspended in later years after admitting to the Tennessee medical board that he had overprescribed to hundreds of patients.
