Alla Kovgan’s “Cunningham” is a documentary that stages excerpts from some of Merce Cunningham’s most representative dances in 3D, and these 3D dances take up about one third of the film’s 90-minute running time. They are often exciting but sometimes frustrating, and Cunningham himself makes for an enigmatic subject.
Cunningham made dances that were built around an ideal of freedom and possibility — one of his favorite words — but with dark underpinnings. He rehearsed them without music, and he was not too interested in costumes or sets. Cunningham was dedicated to pure movement, which meant that he was not concerned with what his dances could mean to others on the level of interpretation or narrative; his best work involves a series of movements so unexpected that they cause a kind of jolt to the senses.
Before he died in 2009, Cunningham left behind templates for how his dances might go forward without him. He always embraced new technology, and so Kovgan’s attempts to immerse us in his dances on film would likely have met with his approval. Cunningham disregarded the conventions of the proscenium arch and liked to stage his dances in the round.
For one of his most famous dances, “Summerspace,” he utilized a pointillist painting by Robert Rauschenberg on both the floor and the back wall of the stage, and dot costumes so that his camouflaged dancers looked like birds moving from branch to branch in a jungle. Kovgan shoots this dance so that we are in this color jungle with them, and this is very effective.
Though Kovgan often has to confine the dancers within a certain frame, the 3D technology does help her to expand that framework for “RainForest,” which is danced amid floating silver pillows designed by Andy Warhol and sexy flesh-colored costumes by Jasper Johns with strategic holes that make the bodies look like they are rotting in outer space.
These two dances are triumphs for Kovgan, but not all the others are as successful. Cunningham loved wide perspectives, which is why he enjoyed staging some of his dances outdoors, and while he probably would have been happy for us to see some of his dances from above in overhead shots, Kovgan overuses this device. The movements of the dancers here are often startlingly expressive, with particular emphasis on sliding across the floor and sinuously unexpected torso gyrations, but there are times when shadows and camera movement obscure what we could be seeing of them.
Kovgan is discreet when it comes to the sections of the film dealing with Cunningham’s personal life and his hard struggle for acceptance over a 25-year period from the early 1940s to the mid-1960s, when his choreography finally began to be acclaimed. We hear his rather foreboding, halting voice on the soundtrack and see a few love letters from his long-time romantic partner and collaborator John Cage, a composer who notoriously pushed against the boundaries of musical forms. Both Cage and Cunningham were devoted to chance, and so Cunningham would often determine aspects of his dances by flipping a coin.
Cunningham was a shy man, and he gave his dancers an unusual amount of freedom; he wanted them to bring who they were as people to his work, and he thought even their technical flaws could be used creatively. When he finally established a home base for his company in the early 1970s, Cunningham was asked if he felt like a patriarch to his new troupe of dancers, and he said, “No, I feel like a bystander who’s been trapped.”
The very reserved Cunningham could be looked at as the anti-Balanchine, because he did not want to control his dancers but instead to bring out their individuality, and this generosity has been carried on in the work of Mark Morris, who is about as unreserved a man as can be imagined. Another filmmaker might have traced some of the greatness of Cunningham’s choreography and democratic perspective to his sexuality — his hidden gentleness allowed him to create some of the most incisive male-female partner dances — but by filming the dance excerpts in 3D, Kovgan already has her work cut out for her.
“Cunningham” is valuable as an introduction to the work of this major artist, who is sometimes seen dancing himself in archival footage, unfurling his long legs and arms and exploring the most eccentric movements without fear or physical roadblocks of any kind. In many ways, Cunningham was an exemplary artist and man, recessive and charitable in life and calmly revolutionary in his work, which is so strong that it does not need his continuing presence on earth to go on living on stage, and now on screen.
12 Documentaries to Check Out This Fall, Including Films by Bruce Springsteen and Agnès Varda (Photos)
This fall has documentary releases about rock stars, athletes and even one posthumous release from an auteur: Oscar winner Agnès Varda. Here are 10 with impending releases you need to check out.
Warner Bros./HBO/Janus Films/Magnolia Pictures
"Untouchable" - Streaming Sept. 2 (Hulu)
The Hulu documentary "Untouchable" opens some still fresh wounds about the Harvey Weinstein scandal and the #MeToo movement. Ursula Macfarlane's documentary premiered at Sundance and it features some harrowing interviews with accusers such as Rosanna Arquette, Hope d'Amore, Paz de la Huerta, Erika Rosenbaum and others.
Sundance Film Festival. Courtesy of Sundance Institute | Barbara Alper/Getty Images
"Linda Ronstadt: The Sound of My Voice" - Sept. 6 (Greenwich Entertainment & 1091)
Oscar winners Rob Epstein and Jeffrey Friedman direct this film about the career of Linda Ronstadt that includes archival footage that spans 50 years. It charts the early days of her career in the 1960s through becoming the highest paid female rock and roll performer in the '70s, all culminating in her retirement in 2011 due to her battle with Parkinson’s disease.
Henry Diltz/CNN Films
"Blink of an Eye" - Sept. 6 (1091)
History isn't often focused on the losers, but "Blink of an Eye" looks at the career of Michael Waltrip, a NASCAR race car driver who held a record losing streak across 462 races. Despite his struggles, he was invited to be a part of Dale Earnhardt Sr.'s racing team and soon earned his first checkered flag. Tragically, that race was the 2001 Daytona 500, the race in which Earnhardt Sr. was killed in a crash on the race's final lap. "Blink of an Eye" examines Waltrip's relationship with the Earnhardt family, and the documentary from director Paul Taublieb will also be adapted into a narrative feature film.
1091 Media
"Liam Gallagher: As It Was" - Sept. 13 (Screen Media)
With Oasis, Liam Gallagher was the frontman of one of the biggest rock bands in the world. But the film "Liam Gallagher: As It Was" looks at how Gallagher had to reset his career and find his voice after splitting from the band as part of his fractured relationship with his brother Noel. (In fact, Noel refused to allow Liam to use any Oasis songs in this documentary, which coincides with the release of Gallagher's second solo album, "Why Me? Why Not.") Directors Gavin Fitzgerald and Charlie Lightening capture the frank and frequently foul-mouthed Gallagher behind the scenes and at home with his mother grousing about Noel.
Getty Images
"Diego Maradona" - Sept. 20 in theaters; October on HBO (HBO)
Asif Kapadia's gift as a filmmaker is weaving a narrative entirely through archival footage. Just as with "Senna" and "Amy," Kapadia combs through over 500 hours of the legendary Argentinian soccer star's personal archive. The film starts with his arrival in Europe in July 1984 and follows how he was treated as though he were a God in the subsequent years, both on and off the field. But it also examines how that extreme level of fame led to darker days and strained relationships.
Alfredo Capozzi
"Where's My Roy Cohn?" - Sept. 20 (Sony Pictures Classics)
Filmmaker Matt Tyrnauer told TheWrap at Sundance that he chose to make his film about the political mastermind Roy Cohn -- best known as Sen. Joseph McCarthy's chief counsel during the hearings about Communists in government -- the day Donald Trump was elected. His ruthless influence has since been felt far and wide, not just on politics but on the culture at large, serving as a mentor for Roger Stone, Ronald Reagan and Trump alike. The film takes a blunt approach in describing just how deeply this one man has shaped American democracy and society.
Altimeter Films/Sundance Film Festival
"Midnight Traveler" - Sept. 18 (Oscilloscope)
Afghan filmmaker Hassan Fazili got intimate access to the story of a family fleeing their home after being targeted by the Taliban. That's because it was his own family who was on the run. Fazili shot his film "Midnight Traveler" across several years on three iPhones, capturing daring moments as they crossed borders and more intimate home movie moments of his family as refugees. The doc won the World Cinema Documentary Special Jury Award for No Borders at this year's Sundance Film Festival.
Oscilloscope Pictures
"Western Stars" - October (Warner Bros.)
Bruce Springsteen knew he wasn't going to tour promoting his latest album "Western Stars," so he and collaborator Thom Zimny co-directed a documentary that features live performances of all 13 of the album's tracks. Springsteen parked under a 100-year-old barn to perform the more acoustic, melancholy sounds of "Western Stars," and the film is laced with The Boss's narration and archival footage as he reflects on his past.
Courtesy of TIFF/Warner Bros.
"The Cave" - Mid-October (Nat Geo)
Not to be confused with the narrative feature about the Thai soccer team rescue mission, "The Cave" is the latest film from "Last Man in Aleppo" director Feras Fayyad as he gets inside a secret, hidden, underground hospital in Syria. The hospital is led by a team of female medical professionals and civilians and provides under the radar care for the besieged refugees and locals in the region. Fayyad specifically profiles the work of Dr. Amani, a 30-year-old pediatrician who works tirelessly to restore health and hope to Syrian youth.
Nat Geo
"The Kingmaker" - Late October (Greenwich Entertainment/Showtime)
Lauren Greenfield has made a name for herself directing documentary profiles on those who live opulently and lavishly, specifically with her films "The Queen of Versailles" and "Generation Wealth." But her latest combines that lavish lifestyle with politics, obtaining unprecedented access to the former first lady of the Philippines, Imelda Marcos. "The Kingmaker" explores the disturbing legacy of the Marcos regime and chronicles Imelda's present-day push to help her son, Bongbong, win the vice presidency. Greenfield's film takes on the form of a "dark fairy tale" as Marcos tries to rewrite her family's corrupt history and prove she's a matriarch who deeply loves her country.
Greenwich Entertainment/Showtime
"Scandalous" - Nov. 15 (Magnolia/CNN Films)
Mark Landsman's "Scandalous" looks at the life of Generoso Pope Jr., the media magnate who turned the National Enquirer from a simple racing and sporting magazine to a household name for gossip and one that frequently finds itself at the center of political scandal. The film's history dates back to the 1950s but includes interviews with former staffers and other media experts who examine how the paper has thrived on its diet of scandal, gossip, medical oddities, conspiracy theories and paparazzi photos.
Magnolia Pictures
"Varda by Agnès" - Nov. 22 (Janus Films)
The final film of the late French auteur Agnès Varda is a playful and profound retrospective on her career as examined by Varda herself. She reflects in a autobiography of sorts on filmmaking, feminism, aging and even on lighter topics like cats, colors, beaches and heart-shaped potatoes. The film premiered at the Berlin International Film Festival in February, shortly before her death in March at age 90.
Janus Films
1 of 13
Films about Harvey Weinstein, Liam Gallagher, Linda Ronstadt and Diego Maradona also hitting theaters and streaming
This fall has documentary releases about rock stars, athletes and even one posthumous release from an auteur: Oscar winner Agnès Varda. Here are 10 with impending releases you need to check out.